Chemical characterization of a new sulfated polysaccharide from Gracilaria chouae and its activation effects on RAW264.7 macrophages / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

This study aimed to characterize the chemical composition of a new sulfated polysaccharide from the red alga Gracilaria chouae and evaluate its activation effects on RAW264.7 macrophages. It showed that the obtained G. chouae polysaccharide (GCP-3A) was a sulfated acidic polysaccharide with a molecular weight of 11.87 kDa. GCP-3A was composed of xylose, galactose, glucose, and mannose with a molar ratio of 3.00:29.28:0.63:0.45, and it contained α,β‍-glycosidic linkages. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and a Congo red test showed that it was a heterogeneous polysaccharide with irregular interwoven sheets and rods, and did not have a triple-helix conform‍ation. Furthermore, GCP-3A significantly promoted the proliferation of RAW264.7 macrophages and the secretion of nitric oxide (NO) in tests of 3-‍(4,‍5-dimethylthiahiazo-2-yl)‍-2,‍5-diphenytetrazoliumromide(MTT) and NO.

Calidad del aire interior mediante indicadores ecológicos y sociales asociados a la inmisión de material particulado (PM10) en la zona este 2 / Indoor air quality through ecological and social indicators associated with the immission of particulate matter (PM10) in the eastern zone 2

El material particulado (PM) es uno de los contaminantes más importantes presentes en el aire, representando un riesgo medioambiental para la salud. Las partículas con un diámetro de 10 micrones o menos (PM10), al ser inhalables, pueden penetrar y alojarse profundamente en los pulmones, contribuyendo al riesgo de desarrollar enfermedades cardiovasculares y respiratorias, así como cáncer de pulmón, enfermedades mentales, dermatitis, daño ocular e incluso al aumento en las tasas de mortalidad. Se estableció como objetivo determinar la calidad del aire interior asociada a la inmisión de material particulado (PM10) en la zona este 2, un sector industrial ubicado en los distritos san juan de Lurigancho y Lurigancho-Chosica, Perú. Para tal fin, se propone el uso de indicadores duales: ecológicos y sociales. De acuerdo a los indicadores ecológicos explorados, la concentración media de PM10 en el aire exterior (CME) superó el límite de 100 µg/m3 establecido por MINAM. Aunque la mediana de CME (93,7µg/m3; IC 95%=89,07-98,33) estuvo por debajo de este límite, el cuartil superior lo superó, entendido por elevaciones puntuales de hasta 131 µg/m3 (Figura 2), potencialmente dañinos para la salud humana. El coeficiente de correlación de Spearman de 0,921, obtenido del análisis bivariado entre los valores de concentración media diaria de PM10 exterior e interior, previo a la instalación de filtros en los sistemas de ventilación, es sugerente del efecto que puede tener la inmisión de aire ambiental con material particulado como vector de la contaminación del aire interior. al considerar los valores de la concentración media diaria, obtenidos en los 15 días posteriores a la instalación de los filtros (CMIFI), se observa que la concentración media de PM10 en el interior disminuyó en relación a la quincena anterior. El coeficiente de correlación de Spearman de 0,869 entre los indicadores CMIFI y CME, permite proponer que, en esta segunda fase, la calidad del aire interior fue influenciada en menor proporción por la contaminación de material particulado del aire ambiental, es decir que se presentó menos inmisión de PM10, gracias al proceso de filtrado, lo que disminuye el riesgo para la salud de los trabajadores(AU)

Particulate matter (PM) is one of the most important pollutants present in the air, representing an environmental risk to health. Particles with a diameter of 10 microns or less (PM10), being inhalable, can penetrate and lodge deep in the lungs, contributing to the risk of developing cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, as well as lung cancer, mental illness, dermatitis, eye damage and even increased mortality rates. The objective was to determine the indoor air quality associated with the immission of particulate matter (PM10) in East Zone 2, an industrial sector located in the districts of San Juan de Lurigancho and Lurigancho-Chosica, Peru. To this end, the use of dual indicators is proposed: ecological and social. According to the ecological indicators explored, the average concentration of PM10 in outdoor air (CME) exceeded the limit of 100 µg/m3 established by MINAM. Although the CME median (93.7µg/m3; 95% CI=89.07-98.33) was below this limit, the upper quartile exceeded it, understood as point elevations of up to 131µg/m3 (Figure 2 ), potentially harmful to human health. Spearman's correlation coefficient of 0.921, obtained from the bivariate analysis between the daily average concentration values of outdoor and indoor PM10, prior to the installation of filters in the ventilation systems, is suggestive of the effect that the immission of ambient air can have with particulate matter as a vector of indoor air pollution. When considering the values of the average daily concentration, obtained in the 15 days after the installation of the filters (CMIFI), it is observed that the average concentration of PM10 in the interior decreased in relation to the previous fortnight. Spearman's correlation coefficient of 0.869 between the CMIFI and CME indicators allows us to propose that, in this second phase, indoor air quality was influenced to a lesser extent by particulate matter contamination in the ambient air, that is, there was less PM10 immission, thanks to the filtering process, which reduces the risk to the health of workers(AU)

Efectividad y tolerabilidad de tres tipos de productos de preparación para colonoscopia / Effectiveness and tolerability of three types of colonoscopy preparation products

Resumen Objetivo: establecer las diferencias entre tres tipos de productos de preparación para colonoscopia, en cuanto a efectividad y tolerabilidad. Materiales y métodos: estudio de corte transversal, analítico, prospectivo, ciego para el evaluador de la escala de Boston. Se incluyeron pacientes adultos, mayores de 18 años con requerimiento de colonoscopia y diligenciamiento de la encuesta sobre el tipo de preparación realizada para la limpieza del colon. Resultados: se evaluaron 3 grupos de productos (polietilenglicol, picosulfatos, sales de sulfato) en 907 pacientes, se aplicó la escala de Boston total y por segmentos, sin encontrar diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre ellos (Odds ratio [OR]: 1,10; intervalo de confianza [IC] 95 %: 0,6-1,8; p = 0,728). El 60 % de la población fueron mujeres y la edad promedio 52 años. Se observó el cumplimiento de la dieta en el 99 % de los participantes. La preparación dividida tuvo mejores resultados en la escala de Boston (OR: 5,06; IC 95 %: 3,2-8,01; p = 0,001). Los picosulfatos tuvieron mayor aceptabilidad (OR: 15,8; IC 95 %: 8,83-28,3; p = 0,001) y menores efectos secundarios como distensión abdominal (OR: 0,59; IC 95 %: 0,3-0,9; p = 0,033) y vómito (OR: 0,25; IC 95 %: 0,07-0,82; p = 0,015). Se observó mejor resultado cuando se realizó el examen antes de 6 horas de finalizada la preparación (OR: 6,38; IC 95 %: 3,84-10,6; p = 0,001). Conclusiones: los productos evaluados no presentaron diferencias entre sí con respecto a su efectividad. Los picosulfatos tuvieron menores efectos secundarios y mejor aceptabilidad. Se obtuvo una mejor preparación del colon con preparación dividida y si el examen es hasta 6 horas de finalizada la preparación.

Abstract Objective: To establish the differences between three types of colonoscopy preparation products in terms of effectiveness and tolerability. Materials and methods: An analytical, prospective, blind, cross-sectional study of the Boston Bowel Preparation Scale was carried out. Adult patients over 18 years of age with a requirement for colonoscopy and completion of the survey on the type of preparation carried out for colon cleansing were included. Results: Three groups of products (polyethylene glycol, picosulfates, and sulfate salts) were evaluated in 907 patients. Total and segment Boston Bowel Preparation Scale was applied, without finding statistically significant differences between them (OR 1.10; 95%CI: 0.6-1.8; p = 0.728). 60% of the population were women and the average age was 52 years. Compliance with the diet was observed in 99% of the participants. Split-dose bowel preparation performed best on the Boston scale (OR 5.06; 95%CI; 3.2-8.01; p= 0.001). Picosulfates had greater acceptability (OR 15.8; 95%CI: 8.83-28.3; p= 0.001) and fewer side effects such as abdominal distension (OR 0.59; 95%CI: 0.3-0.9; p= 0.033) and vomiting (OR 0.25; 95%CI: 0.07-0.82; p= 0.015). The best result was observed when the test was performed within 6 hours of completion of preparation (OR 6.38; 95%CI: 3.84-10.6; p = 0.001). Conclusions: The products evaluated did not show differences between them regarding their effectiveness. Picosulfates had fewer side effects and better acceptability. Split-dose and testing up to 6 hours after preparation resulted in better bowel preparation.

Effect of Banxia Xiexin Decoction on intestinal flora of mice with ulcerative colitis induced by dextran sodium sulfate / 中国中药杂志

The aim of this paper was to investigate the effect of Banxia Xiexin Decoction(BXD) on inflammatory factors and intestinal flora in a dextran sulfate sodium induced ulcerative colitis(DSS-UC) mouse model, and to explore the mechanism of BXD in treating ulcerative colitis from the perspective of flora disorder. Forty C57 BL/6 J mice were randomly divided into control group, model group and BXD group. A 2.5% DSS-induced ulcerative colitis model was established. On the 8 th day, normal saline, normal saline, and BXD were given daily for 14 days. After 14 days, HE staining was used to observe histopathological changes of the colon. Serum inflammatory factor content was detected by ELISA, and the change of intestinal flora in mice feces was detected by 16 S rRNA sequencing technology. Compared with control group, the colonic tissue of mice in model group was damaged seriously, and the contents of IL-6 and TNF-α in serum were significantly increased(P<0.05). Compared with model group, mice in BXD group had less colonic damage, and the contents of IL-6, TNF-α in serum were decreased significantly(P<0.05). After creation, the richness of Patescibacteria was increased significantly at the phylum level(P<0.05). At the same time, the richness of Faecalibaculum(P<0.01), norank_f_Muribaculaceae(P<0.01) were decreased significantly at the genus level, while the richness of Turicibacter(P<0.01), Romboutsia(P<0.01), Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1(P<0.01) were increased significantly. After the intervention with BXD, the content of Patescibacteria was significantly reduced at the phylum level(P<0.05), and the contents of Lactobacillus(P<0.01), Clostri-dium_sensu_stricto_1(P<0.01), Enterorhabdus(P<0.01), Candidatus_Saccharimonas(P<0.05), Eubacterium_fissicatena_group(P<0.05) were decreased significantly at the genus level, while the contents of Dubosiella, Bacteroides and Allobaculum were increased significantly. Therefore, BXD could significantly improve the symptoms of DSS-UC mice. It not only could reduce the contents of IL-6 and TNF-α, but also could reduce the richness of Patescibacteria at the phylum level, and those of Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, Candidatus_Saccharimonas, Eubacterium_fissicatena_group at the genus level. Inaddition, BXD could increase the richness of Bacteroides and Bifidobacterium. It suggested that BXD could play a role in the treatment of ulcerative colitis partially through reducing inflammatory factors and regulating the structure of the gut microbiota.

Dietary intake of tyrosine and phenylalanine, and p-cresyl sulfate plasma levels in non-dialyzed patients with chronic kidney disease / Ingestão dietética de tirosina e fenilalanina e níveis plasmáticos de p-cresil sulfato em pacientes com doença renal crônica não dialisados

ABSTRACT Background: Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) present an imbalance of the gut microbiota composition, leading to increased production of uremic toxins like p-cresyl sulfate (PCS), product from bacterial fermentation of the amino acids tyrosine (Tyr) and phenylalanine (Phe) from the diet. Thus, diet may be a determinant in the uremic toxins levels produced by the gut microbiota. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible relationship between Tyr and Phe intake and PCS plasma levels in non-dialysis CKD patients. Methods: Twenty-seven non-dialysis CKD patients (stages 3 and 4) without previous nutritional intervention were evaluated. The dietary intake was evaluated using a 24-hour recall, 3-day food record and protein intake was also estimated by Protein Nitrogen Appearance (PNA). The plasma levels of PCS were measured using reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography. Results: The evaluated patients (GRF, 34.8 ± 12.4 mL/min, 54.2 ± 14.3 years, BMI, 29.3 ± 6.1 kg/m2) presented mean protein intake of 1.1 ± 0.5 g/kg/day), Tyr of 4.5 ± 2.4 g/day and Phe of 4.6 ± 2.5 g/day. PCS plasma levels (20.4 ± 15.5 mg/L) were elevated and positively associated with both, Tyr (r = 0.58, p = 0.002) and Phe intake (r = 0.53, p = 0.005), even after adjustments for eGFR and age. Conclusion: This study suggests that the diet is an important modulator of the uremic toxins plasma levels produced by the gut microbiota, in non-dialysis CKD patients.

RESUMO Introdução: Pacientes com doença renal crônica (DRC) apresentam desequilíbrio na composição da microbiota intestinal, gerando toxinas urêmicas, como o p-cresil sulfato (PCS), pela fermentação bacteriana dos aminoácidos tirosina (Tyr) e fenilalanina (Phe) da dieta. Assim, a dieta pode ser determinante nos níveis de toxinas urêmicas produzidos pela microbiota intestinal. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a possível relação entre a ingestão de Tyr e Phe e os níveis plasmáticos de PCS em pacientes com DRC não dialisados. Métodos: Foram avaliados 27 pacientes com DRC em tratamento conservador (estágios 3 e 4), sem intervenção nutricional prévia. A ingestão alimentar foi avaliada pelo recordatório alimentar de 24h (R-24h) de 3 dias, e a ingestão proteica também foi verificada através do Protein Nitrogen Appearance (PNA). Os níveis plasmáticos de PCS foram determinados por cromatografia líquida de fase reversa. Resultados: Os pacientes avaliados (TFG, 34,8 ± 12,4 mL/min, 54,2 ± 14,3 anos, IMC 29,3 ± 6,1 kg/m2) apresentaram ingestão média de proteína de 1,1 ± 0,5 g/kg/dia, Tyr de 4,5 ± 2,4 g/dia e Phe de 4,6 ± 2,5 g/dia. Os níveis plasmáticos de PCS (20,4 ± 15,5 mg/L) foram elevados e positivamente associados à ingestão de Tyr (r = 0,58, p = 0,002) e Phe (r = 0,53, p = 0,005), mesmo após ajustes pela TFG e idade. Conclusão: Este estudo sugere que a dieta é um importante modulador dos níveis plasmáticos de toxinas urêmicas produzidas pela microbiota intestinal em pacientes com DRC não dialisados.

Evaluating the effects of vanadyl sulfate on biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation in renal tissue of rats with diabetes type 2

Vanadyl sulfate (VS) is an ingredient in some food supplements and experimental drugs. This study was designed to assay the effects of VS on biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation in renal tissue of rats with diabetes type 2. 30 male Wistar rats were divided into three equal groups as follow: non-diabetics, non-treated diabetics and VS-treated diabetics. Diabetes type 2 has been induced through high fat diet and fructose in the animals. Diabetic rats were treated with 25 mg/kgBW of VS in water for 12 weeks. At the end of study, glucose and insulin were measured using commercially available kits in serum and biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation in renal homogenates of animals were measured by related methods. Compared to controls, glucose and insulin were increased significantly in non-treated diabetic rats (p-value <0.05) that showed the induction of diabetes type 2 in rats. The results showed that in VS-treated diabetic rats compared to the non-treated diabetic group, vanadyl sulfate significantly reduced the glucose and insulin secretion and changed renal inflammatory and oxidative markers, except protein carbonyl so that we couldn't find any significant changes. Our study showed that vanadyl supplementation had positive effects on oxidative stress and inflammation biomarkers in kidney of diabetic rats

Tumor venéreo transmissível canino com resistência quimioterápica e metástase esplênica. Relato de caso / Canine transmissible venereal tumor with chemotherapy resistance and splenic metastasis. Case report

RESUMO O Tumor Venéreo Transmissível Canino (TVTC) é uma neoplasia de células redondas que tem a particularidade de se implantar em mucosas que tenham perdido a sua integridade. Nesse local o tumor prolifera e ocasionalmente origina metástase. Em geral, o tumor responde ao tratamento com sulfato de vincristina, porém a resistência quimioterápica associada ao fenótipo tumoral tem sido documentada. Objetivou-se relatar um caso de TVTC genital de fenótipo citológico misto com metástase esplênica e o insucesso da quimioterapia com sulfato de vincristina, em uma fêmea canina, da raça Australian Cattle Dog, de cinco anos de idade. Após diagnóstico citológico e histológico, o tumor primário foi ainda caracterizado em fase de progressão e mostrou baixa expressão de moléculas do complexo principal de histocompatibilidade (MHC) (4,4 ± 2% classe I e 11 ± 4,1% classe II). A cadela foi submetida à ovariohisterectomia e esplenectomia terapêutica e não apresentou recidiva do tumor após 12 meses de acompanhamento clínico.

ABSTRACT The canine transmissible venereal tumor is a type of round cell cancer that have the particularity of implanting in mucous tissue, when they lose their integrity, at which point the tumour proliferates and may even develop metastases. The tumor typically responds well to vincristine sulfate chemotherapy, although there are cases of resistance to the drug correlated with the tumoral phenotype. We describe herein a genital mixed TVTC case with metastases at spleen and failure at vincristine sulfate chemotherapeutic treatment in a five years old Australian Cattle Dog female. After the cytological, histological and cytogenetic diagnostic, the primary tumor was still characterized in progression phase and showed low major histocompatibility complex expression MHC (4,4 ± 2% class I e 11 ± 4,1% class II. The dog underwent therapeutic splenectomy and ovariohysterectomy and did not present tumor recurrence within 12 months of clinical follow-up.

Dermatite de contato por corticoide em pacientes com dermatite atópica / Corticosteroid contact dermatitis in patients with atopic dermatitis

Objetivo: Avaliar a sensibilização a corticoides tópicos e substâncias do teste de contato padrão e cosméticos em pacientes com dermatite atópica (DA) no Serviço de Alergia e Imunologia do HSPE-SP. Método: Estudo retrospectivo com análise de prontuário de pacientes com DA, classificados de acordo com o SCORing Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) em leve, moderada e grave, que foram atendidos no ambulatório de Alergia e Imunologia do HSPE-SP, submetidos a teste de contato com baterias padrão, cosméticos, corticoides, incluindo furoato de mometasona. Resultados: Após análise estatística dos dados de 51 pacientes portadores de DA, foi identificada maior prevalência no gênero feminino (73%). Pacientes com DA moderada/grave apresentaram maior positividade (62%) para pelo menos uma substância. Foram mais propensos a positivar para teste de contato, pacientes maiores de 18 anos. As substâncias que foram mais positivas na bateria padrão foram: sulfato de níquel (33%), neomicina (10%), e bicromato de potássio e cloreto de cobalto (8% cada). O sulfato de níquel foi mais positivo no gênero feminino. Três (5,9%) pacientes apresentaram positividade para teste de contato com bateria de corticoides, sendo positivas substâncias betametasona 1%, budesonida 0,01% e butirato de hidrocortisona 1%, e todos eram portadores de DA leve. Foi identificada relação entre positividade para bateria de corticoides e sulfato de níquel. Conclusão: Os testes de contato foram mais positivos em adultos. Houve maior sensibilidade para o sulfato de níquel no gênero feminino. Sensibilidade importante à neomicina na DA moderada/grave. Pacientes com alergia de contato por corticoides podem apresentar alergia a sulfato de níquel. Esse trabalho chama atenção para a porcentagem importante de pacientes com DA acometidos por alergia de contato por corticoides, sendo esse tipo alergia um problema emergente e que tem sido cada vez mais relatado na última década; porém, ainda são escassos os estudos envolvendo esse assunto.

Objective: To evaluate sensitization to topical corticosteroids and standard patch testing substances in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) at the HSPE-SP Allergy and Immunology Department. Methods: This retrospective study assessed medical records of patients with AD, whose severity was classified as mild, moderate or severe according to SCORing Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD). They were seen at the HSPE-SP Allergy and Immunology outpatient clinic and underwent a patch test with the following series: standard, cosmetics, and corticosteroids, including mometasone furoate. Results: After statistical analysis of data from 51 patients with AD, a higher prevalence was identified in female participants (73%). Patients with moderate-to-severe AD had more positive results (62%) for at least one substance. Patients older than 18 years were more likely to be positive in the patch test. The substances that were most frequently positive in the standard series were nickel sulfate (33%), neomycin (10%) and potassium dichromate and cobalt chloride (8% each). Positive nickel sulfate was more common in female participants. Three (5.9%) patients were positive for corticosteroids (1% betamethasone, 0.01% budesonide and 1% hydrocortisone butyrate) and all had mild AD. A relationship between positivity for corticosteroid series and nickel sulfate was identified. Conclusion: Patch tests were more frequently positive in adults. There was higher sensitivity to nickel sulfate in female patients. There was important sensitivity to neomycin in patients with moderate-to-severe AD. Patients with corticosteroid contact allergy may present with allergy to nickel sulfate. This paper draws attention to the important percentage of patients with AD affected by corticosteroid contact allergy, which has become an emerging problem that has been increasingly reported in the past decade. However, there are still few studies addressing this topic.

Molecular characteristics of polysulfated fractions from the green seaweed Caulerpa cupressoides and actions on thrombin generation in vitro

Caulerpa cupressoides produces sulfated polysaccharides (Cc-SPs) with serpin-dependent anticoagulant effect, but their actions on thrombin generation (TG) are unknown. This study aimed to partially characterize Cc-SPs and examine their potential as modulators of TG. Infrared analysis characterized extract containing three ulvan fractions (Cc-SP1, -SP2 and -SP3) separated by DEAEcellulose chromatography, with differences in the relative proportions of sulfate (10.99-18.38%) and total sugars (46.59-51.12%), without presenting proteins. Charge density patterns and nonSPs varying from 8 to > 100 kDa on agarose and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis by sequential staining with toluidine blue and stains-all were also confirmed by gel permeation chromatography. The molecular weight of Cc-SP2 was not altered after treatment with 0.4 M HCl up to 5 h. Only Cc-SP2 altered the activated partial thromboplastin time (15 ± 0.3 IU) vs. heparin (193 IU) and abolished at high concentrations (> 4.1 μg) TG by intrinsic pathway in 60-fold diluted human plasma, while at 4.1 μg attenuated TG by 33.87% delaying the lag phase (32 min.) vs. control (28 min.). Cc-SP2 induced concentration-dependent TG in system without cephalin. Heparin abolished TG at 4.15-fold lower amount, but did not stimulate TG. Therefore, Cc-SPs express dual effects on thrombosis in vitro.

Production and application of 3-phosphoadenosine-5- phosphosulfate / 生物工程学报

Sulfated compounds are widely present in cytoplasm, on cell surface, and in extracellular matrix. These compounds play important roles in cell development, differentiation, immune response, detoxication, and cell signal transduction. 3-Phosphoadenosine-5-phosphosulfate (PAPS) is the universal sulfate group donor for the biosynthesis of sulfated compounds. Up to now, the synthesis of PAPS is still too expensive for industrial applications. This review focuses on the recent progress of PAPS production and summaries the application of PAPS, particularly in the production of glucosinolate, heparin, condroitin sulfate, and oxamniquine production.

Isolation of homogeneous polysaccharide from Poria cocos and effect of its sulfated derivatives on migration of human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells / 中国中药杂志

SATB1 plays a crucial role in the invasion and metastasis of breast cancer,and inhibition of SATB1 expression can effectively control breast cancer metastasis. In this study,homogeneous polysaccharides were isolated from Poria cocos and their sulfated derivatives were prepared to screen out the polysaccharide compositions with inhibitory effects on SATB1 expression. Smal-molecule components were removed from P. cocos by ethanol extraction,and P. cocos crude polysaccharide PPS was obtained by water extraction and ethanol precipitation. Then PPS was successively separated by DEAE Sepharose fast flow anion-exchange and Superdex-75 gel permeation chromatographic steps to give PPSW-1. The structure of PPSW-1 was identified and its sulfated derivatives were prepared. Then their inhibitory effects on human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells were investigated. A kind of polysaccharide,PPSW-1 with inhibitory effect on human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells,was obtained from P. cocos,with a relative molecular weight of 3. 06×104,and structure of 1,6-branched 1,3-α-D-galactan. PPSW-1 and its sulfated derivative Sul-W-1 showed good inhibitory effect on cells migration,and the water solubility of Sul-W-1 was better than that of PPSW-1. In addition,it was found that polysaccharide of P. cocos and its sulfated derivative can inhibit expression of SATB1. In this study,a kind of homogeneous polysaccharide with inhibitory effect on human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells was isolated from P. cocos,and its sulfated derivative with similar efficacy but better solubility was prepared,laying the foundation for the substance basis study of P. cocos.

Determination of the effective anticandidal concentration of denture cleanser tablets on some denture base resins

Abstract Objective Although the effectiveness of chemical cleansing against Candida albicans biofilm has been shown, the effective concentration of denture cleanser tablets has not been studied. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of three denture materials against Candida albicans biofilm and to determine effective concentrations of denture cleanser tablets. Material and methods The surface-roughness of Acron-hi™, QC-20™ and Deflex™ (n=45 per resin) resins was standardized by using a profilometer and their contact angle or surface free energy was calculated. C. albicans biofilm was formed on all three resins and were treated with Polident 3 min™, Corega™ and Fittydent™ cleanser solutions at various concentrations and both resin-biofilm and cleanser-biofilm interest were determined by using a MTT protocol according to the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing's antifungal susceptibility testing (AFST-EUCAST). Scanning electron microscopy was used to compare the efficacy of different resin materials against C. albicans biofilm. Anticandidal activity and surface free energy statistical parameters were calculated by using 3-way and 1-way ANOVA, respectively (p<0.05). Results Polident 3 min™ and Corega™ tablets significantly inhibited (p<0.05) the proliferation of C. albicans against all denture resins at 27-37 mg/mL. Scanning electron microscopy results indicated that there was no significant difference among resin specimens regarding biofilm formation on dentures. We failed to find a significant relationship between surface free energy and the anticandidal effect of resin types. However, the polarity value of the resins was statistically associated with their anticandidal activity. Conclusions The polarity of the resins, the concentrations of tablets and the chemical content of the cleanser may directly affect C. albicans biofilm formations. Polident 3 min™ and Corega™ tablets should be suggested for patients who use any denture resin types, whereas the Fittydent™ tablet should only be proposed for those who use Deflex™, when two tablets are dropped into 150 mL water.

Induction of Integrin Signaling by Steroid Sulfatase in Human Cervical Cancer Cells

Steroid sulfatase (STS) is an enzyme responsible for the hydrolysis of aryl and alkyl sulfates. STS plays a pivotal role in the regulation of estrogens and androgens that promote the growth of hormone-dependent tumors, such as those of breast or prostate cancer. However, the molecular function of STS in tumor growth is still not clear. To elucidate the role of STS in cancer cell proliferation, we investigated whether STS is able to regulate the integrin signaling pathway. We found that overexpression of STS in HeLa cells increases the protein and mRNA levels of integrin β1 and fibronectin, a ligand of integrin α5β1. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), one of the main metabolites of STS, also increases mRNA and protein expression of integrin β1 and fibronectin. Further, STS expression and DHEA treatment enhanced phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) at the Tyr 925 residue. Moreover, increased phosphorylation of ERK at Thr 202 and Tyr 204 residues by STS indicates that STS activates the MAPK/ERK pathway. In conclusion, these results suggest that STS expression and DHEA treatment may enhance MAPK/ERK signaling through up-regulation of integrin β1 and activation of FAK.

Streptomyces lunalinharesii 235 prevents the formation of a sulfate-reducing bacterial biofilm

ABSTRACT Streptomyces lunalinharesii strain 235 produces an antimicrobial substance that is active against sulfate reducing bacteria, the major bacterial group responsible for biofilm formation and biocorrosion in petroleum reservoirs. The use of this antimicrobial substance for sulfate reducing bacteria control is therefore a promising alternative to chemical biocides. In this study the antimicrobial substance did not interfere with the biofilm stability, but the sulfate reducing bacteria biofilm formation was six-fold smaller in carbon steel coupons treated with the antimicrobial substance when compared to the untreated control. A reduction in the most probable number counts of planktonic cells of sulfate reducing bacteria was observed after treatments with the sub-minimal inhibitory concentration, minimal inhibitory concentration, and supra-minimal inhibitory concentration of the antimicrobial substance. Additionally, when the treated coupons were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, the biofilm formation was found to be substantially reduced when the supra-minimal inhibitory concentration of the antimicrobial substance was used. The coupons used for the biofilm formation had a small weight loss after antimicrobial substance treatment, but corrosion damage was not observed by scanning electron microscopy. The absence of the dsrA gene fragment in the scraped cell suspension after treatment with the supra-minimal inhibitory concentration of the antimicrobial substance suggests that Desulfovibrio alaskensis was not able to adhere to the coupons. This is the first report on an antimicrobial substance produced by Streptomyces active against sulfate reducing bacteria biofilm formation. The application of antimicrobial substance as a potential biocide for sulfate reducing bacteria growth control could be of great interest to the petroleum industry.

Absence seizure associated with coloprep consumption in colonoscopy / Convulsão de ausência com o uso de Coloprep em colonoscopia

Coloprep is a bowel preparatory solution given before endoscopic procedures to get a unobscured internal vision. It has among its constituent's sodium sulphate, potassium sulphate and magnesium sulphate which produce an osmotic effect in the bowel. However, the use of such agents in hyponatremic and patients predisposed to seizures can have adverse ramifications. The current case outlines manifestation of absence seizure in a 52-year-old male patient who was administered Coloprep for colonoscopy. There was absence of other predisposing factors and the symptoms were ameliorated using timely identification and rectification of the underlying derangements.

Coloprep é uma solução preparatória intestinal administrada antes de procedimentos endoscópicos, com o objetivo de se ter uma visão interna não obscurecida. Entre os constituintes de Coloprep, observa-se sulfato de sódio, sulfato de potássio e sulfato de magnésio, que provocam efeito osmótico no intestino. Mas o uso de tais agentes em pacientes hiponatrêmicos e com predisposição para convulsões pode ter ramificações adversas. O caso em tela delineia uma manifestação de convulsão de ausência em paciente do gênero masculino com 52 anos e que recebeu Coloprep para colonoscopia. Não havia outros fatores predisponentes e os sintomas melhoraram graças à oportuna identificação e correção dos transtornos subjacentes.

Estudo da variação neutropênica pelo sulfato de vincristina em cães com tvt tratados em um hospital veterinário do noroeste paulista / Neutropenic variation by vincristine sulfate in tvt dogs treated in a veterinary hospital in northwestern são paulo / Estudio de la variación neutropénica por sulfato de vincristina en perros con tvt tratados en el hospital veterinario del noroeste paulista

O presente estudo avaliou dados epidemiológicos de neutropenia induzida por sulfato vincristina em cães com Tumor Venéreo Transmissível (TVT), num Hospital Veterinário do Noroeste paulista. Para tanto, trata-se de um estudo do tipo retrospectivo de protocolos eletrônicos e formulários manuais de dados digitalizados de 51 casos de TVT. O atendimento ambulatorial e de internação desses animais foi realizado no período de setembro de 2006 a dezembro de 2009. Dentre os resultados, destaca-se que 51 animais foram diagnosticados com TVT, sendo 37 fêmeas (73%) e 14 (27%) machos; 46 animais (90,2%) foram tratados exclusivamente com sulfato de vincristina. Os cães Sem Raça Definida-SRD (n=28) foram os maiores acometidos com 54,9%; seguidos pelos Poodles com quatro cães (7,84%). Os animais com idade entre 37 e 84 meses obtiveram a maior porcentagem de acometimento pelo TVT com 20 casos (39,22%). Em doze animais (23,52%) foi observada neutropenia (valores entre 390 a 1927 cél/µL). Conclusão: a possível toxicidade medular induzida pela vincristina foi verificada pela descrição da neutropenia. Dessa forma, a identificação de quadros neutropênicos, por meio da realização de hemogramas semanais, é considerada obrigatória e de extrema relevância devido à prevalência de mielotoxicidade secundária à utilização deste quimioterápico.

The present study aims to assess epidemiological data on neutropenia induced by vincristine sulfate among dogs with Canine Transmissible Venereal Tumor (CTVT) at a veterinary hospital in the Northwestern region in the São Paulo State. Methodology: This is a retrospective study of electronic protocols and digitalized data from manually filled form from 51 CTVT cases. These animals were treated in an outpatient care clinic and hospitalization took place from September 2006 to December 2009. Results: 51 animals were diagnosed with CTVT; among these, 37 were female (73%) and 14 were male (27%). From these, 46 animals (90.2%) were treated exclusively with vincristine sulfate. Among them, mongrels (n=28) were the most common, with 54.9%, followed by Poodles, with 4 dogs (7.84%). Animals aged from 37 and 84 months were the largest age group, with 20 cases (39.22 %). Neutropenia (390 to 1927 cells/µL) was observed in 12 animals. Conclusion: possible vincristine-induced marrow toxicity was verified by the description of neutropenia. Thus, neutropenia identification through weekly blood count cells is considered extremely important and mandatory due to the prevalence of myelotoxicity following treatment with this chemotherapeutic drug.

Este estudio busca evaluar datos epidemiológicos de neutropenia inducida por sulfato vincristina en perros con Tumor Venéreo Transmisible (TVT), en un Hospital Veterinario del Noroeste Paulista. Es un estudio del tipo retrospectivo de protocolos electrónicos y formularios manuales de datos digitalizados de 51 casos de TVT. El atendimiento de ambulatorio y de internación de esos animales se realizó en el período de septiembre de 2006 a diciembre de 2009. Entre los resultados, se destaca que 51 animales fueron diagnosticados con TVT, siendo 37 hembras (73%) y 14 (27%) machos; 46 animales (90,2%) fueron tratados exclusivamente con sulfato de vincristina. Los perros Sin Raza Definida ? SRD (n=28) fueron los más acometidos con 54,9%; seguidos por los Poodles con cuatro perros (7,84%). Los animales con edad entre 37 y 84 meses obtuvieron mayor porcentaje de acometimiento por TVT, con 20 casos (39,22%). En doce animales (23,52%0 se ha observado neutropenia (valores entre 390 a 1927 cél/µL). Conclusión: la posible toxicidad medular inducida por vincristina se ha verificado por la descripción de la neutropenia. Así, la identificación de cuadros neutropénicos por medio de realización de hemogramas semanales, es considerada obligatoria y de extrema relevancia debido a la prevalencia de mielotoxicidad secundaria a la utilización de este quimioterápico.

Effects of chronic manganese sulfate toxicity test on myocardial ultrastructure and heart organ index of rats / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effects of manganese sulfate on blood pressure, myocardial ultrastructure and heart organ index of rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty male SPF SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: control group (0 mg/kg), 5 mg/kg dose group, 15 mg/kg dose group and 25 mg/kg dose group, 10 rats each group. Intraperitoneal injection was performed for six months, by five times each week, the rat blood pressure was measured by tail cuff method, and the heart organ index of the rats was computed. Three rats were selected from each group randomly, and the myocardial ultrastructure of the rats was observed by using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The BMD and BMDL between manganese sulfate injected dose and the rats heart organ index were evaluated by BMD (Benchmark Dose).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There was no significant of blood pressure between the experimental group and the control group (P > 0.05).The heart organ indexes of the four groups were 0.24% ± 0.10%, 0.25% ± 0.02%, 0.26% ± 0.02%, and 0.24% ± 0.02%. Statistical significance of heart organ indexes was found between the 15 mg/kg dose group and the control group (P < 0.05). Observed by TEM, we found that-different degrees of mitochondrial crest fracture or disappear, mitochondria swelling, hydropic change and myocardial fibers degeneration happened in the rats of the three exposed groups, but not the control group. The BMD and BMDL were calculated as 9.33 mg/kg and 4.28 mg/kg in the study of manganese sulfate injected dose and the rats heart organ index.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Chronic manganese poisoning can lead to myocardial mitochondria superfine lesions, myocardial fiber damage and heart organ index change in rats.</p>

Sulfate reducing bacteria as secondary and necessary pathogens in black band disease of corals / Bacterias reductoras de sulfato como patógenos secundarios y necesarios en la enfermedad de la banda negra de coral

Black band disease (BBD) is a complex, polymicrobial disease that consists of cyanobacteria, sulfide-oxidizing and sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB), and heterotrophic bacteria. The cyanobacterium Roseofilum reptotaenium has been implicated as the primary pathogen of BBD, but other consortium members may be secondary pathogens that are necessary to the development of the disease. It is known that populations of the sulfate-reducing bacterium Desulfovibrio are present in BBD and that these populations generate sulfide within the band as a byproduct of dissimilatory sulfate reduction. It is also known that exposure of healthy corals to sulfide leads to cell lysis and coral tissue death. Previous work showed that when freshly collected BBD, which easily infects healthy corals, is exposed to sodium molybdate, a specific inhibitor of sulfate reduction, infection does not occur. In this study we examined the effect of sodium molybdate on infection of corals by a unialgal culture of R. reptotaenium. Coral fragments of Montastraea cavernosa and Siderastrea siderea were transferred into two experimental aquaria, one a control with only artificial seawater (ASW) and the second containing ASW and 2mM sodium molybdate. Small mats of cultured R. reptotaenium were inoculated onto the surface of experimental coral fragments. Both M. cavernosa (n = 6) and S. siderea (n=4) became infected and developed BBD-like infections in the control tank, while there were temporary attachments to, but no successful infection of M. cavernosa (n=3) or S. siderea (n=2) in the experimental tank containing sodium molybdate. The results of this study reveal that a secondary pathogen is essential to the infection process and development of BBD in scleractinian corals. Specifically, SRB such as Desulfovibrio are required for the development of BBD on the coral host. This is the first step in understanding the roles of secondary pathogens in a complex, polymicrobial coral disease.

La enfermedad de la Banda Negra (BBD) es una enfermedad polimicrobiana compleja, que consiste en las cianobacterias, sulfuro oxidante y bacterias reductoras de sulfato (SRB) y bacterias heterotróficas. La cianobacteria Roseofilum reptotaenium se considera como el principal patógeno de BBD, pero otros miembros del consorcio pueden ser patógenos secundarios que son necesarios para el desarrollo de la enfermedad. Se conoce que las poblaciones de la bacteria reductora de sulfato Desulfovibrio están presentes en BBD y que estas poblaciones generan sulfuro dentro de la banda como un subproducto de la reducción del sulfato. También se conoce que la exposición de los corales sanos a sulfuro conduce a la lisis celular y la muerte del tejido de coral. Trabajos previos muestran que cuando recién colectado el tejido con BBD, que infecta fácilmente corales sanos, se expone al molibdato de sodio, un inhibidor específico de la reducción del sulfato, la infección no se produce. En este estudio analizamos el efecto del molibdato de sodio sobre la infección de los corales en un cultivo unialgal de R. reptotaenium. Fragmentos de coral de Montastraea cavernosa y Siderastrea siderea se transfirieron a dos acuarios experimentales, uno control con solo agua de mar artificial (ASW) y el segundo que contenía ASW y molibdato de sodio 2mM. Pequeñas esteras de cultivo R. reptotaenium se inocularon en la superficie de fragmentos experimentales de coral. Tanto M. cavernosa (n=6) y S. siderea (n=4) se infectaron y desarrollaron infecciones BBD- como en el tanque de control, mientras que había adjuntos temporales, sin infección exitosa en M. cavernosa (n=3) o S. siderea (n=2) en el tanque experimental con molibdato de sodio. Los resultados de este estudio revelan que un patógeno secundario es esencial para el proceso de infección y el desarrollo de BBD en corales escleractíneos. Específicamente, SRB como Desulfovibrio son necesarios para el desarrollo de BBD en el coral hospedero. Este es el primer paso en la comprensión de las funciones de los patógenos secundarios en una enfermedad polimicrobiana compleja de coral.

In-vivo bone response to titanium screw implants anodized in sodium sulfate

PURPOSE: To evaluate the early bone response to a nanotextured dental implant treated with sodium sulfate (Na2SO4), using a rabbit model. METHODS: Twelve animals were randomly divided into group 1 (Control) - machined implants and group 2 (Test) - nanotextured implants. Extra-oral incision was performed to provide access to intended surgical site where the dental implant was inserted immediately after the extraction of the mandibular first premolar. Implant surface characterization was performed by scanning electron microscopy attached to energy dispersive spectroscopy and interferometry. Three weeks after surgery, the animals were induced to death and undecalcified sections of the samples were prepared for histological and histomorphometrical analysis. RESULTS: Surface characterization of the implant demonstrated enhanced surface area of anodized group compared to Control group with 19.2% ± 6.2 versus 1.6 ± 0.7, respectively. Histological evaluation demonstrated new bone formation starting from the buccal and lingual cortical walls on both groups. After three weeks, significant higher bone contact of 27% (p<0.05) was observed to nanotextured compared to machined implants (Control group). CONCLUSION: The anodization with sodium sulfate nanostructures to the implant surface that resulted in faster osseointegration. .

Different proportion of potassium chloride and potassium sulphate application on cultivation of Panax notoginseng / 中国中药杂志

In order to make sure whether Panax notoginseng is sensitive to chloridion and guide fertilization in planting of P. notoginseng, the effects of the different proportion of potassium chloride (KCl) and potassium sulfate (K2SO4) on the yield, quality of P. notoginseng were studied. The results showed that K fertilizer significantly improved the growth of P. notoginseng and increased the biomass per plant or per pot and the content of N, P, K and the content of saponin. In cases of conditions such as potassium, and the effects of K2SO4 on increasing the petiole length, leaf size, rhizome length, root length, and content and accumulation of Ginsenoside Rg1 were better than those of KCl. While compared with K2SO4, KCl was more conducive to augmenting height, root width, the biomass of shoot, rhizome, root and the content of Ginsenoside Rb1 and Rd. There was not remarkable difference in agronomic characters, biomass and the content of N, P, K among KCl, K2SO4 and the combination of KCl and K2SO4. However, the content of saponin of the treatment with combination of KCl and K2SO4 was significant higher than that of single KCl or K2SO4 treatments. K fertilizer significantly increased yield and the content of saponins. And P. notoginseng was not sensitive to chloridion. KCl increased the yield and the content of saponins of P. notoginseng as well as K2SO4, and the combination treatment was superior to single treatment. It is recommended that the KCl should be adopted in production, to reduce the cost of potash fertilizer.